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مُقَدِّمَةُ الْمُفْتِي · Muqaddimat al-Mufti
مَنْصِبُ الْإِفْتَاءِ · The Station of Issuing Fatwa
[النَّصُّ] إِذَا عَلِمْتَ شَرَفَ مَنْصِبِ الْإِفْتَاءِ وَخَطَرَهُ، فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّ مَا يُفْتِي بِهِ الْمُفْتِي يَنْبَغِي أَنْ يَكُونَ مَأْخَذُهُ مَعْلُومًا
- When you know the honor of the mufti's station and its gravity, know that what the mufti opines must rest on a known source
📖 مَوْضِعٌ ص ٧٥ — p. 75
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الْفَتْوَى تُخْبِرُ، الْقَضَاءُ يُلْزِمُ · Fatwa Informs; Qada Binds
[النَّصُّ] لَا فَرْقَ بَيْنَ الْمُفْتِي وَالْحَاكِمِ، إِلَّا أَنَّ الْمُفْتِيَ مُخْبِرٌ بِالْحُكْمِ، وَالْقَاضِيَ مُلْزِمٌ بِهِ
- There is no difference between the mufti and the qadi, except that the mufti informs of the ruling and the qadi binds with it
📖 الْمَصْدَرُ كِتَابُ "أُصُولِ الْأَقْضِيَةِ"، نَقَلَهُ ابْنُ عَابِدِينَ، ص ٧٠ — "Usul al-Aqdiya," cited by Ibn ʿAbidin, p. 70
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تِبْعَةُ الْفُتْيَا · The Burden of Fatwa
[النَّصُّ] وَأَمَّا الْحُكْمُ وَالْفُتْيَا بِمَا هُوَ مَرْجُوحٌ فَخِلَافُ الْإِجْمَاعِ
- Ruling and fatwa with the marjuh is contrary to ijma'
📖 الْمَصْدَرُ نَقَلَهُ ابْنُ عَابِدِينَ، ص ٧٠؛ وَأَكَّدَهُ مِنْ كَلَامِ الْعَلَّامَةِ قَاسِمٍ، ص ١٨٣ — Cited by Ibn ʿAbidin, p. 70; reinforced from al-ʿAllama Qasim, p. 183
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وُجُوبُ اتِّبَاعِ الرَّاجِحِ (أَبْيَاتُ ٩-١٠) · The Book's Opening Rule: Follow the Rajih, Verse by Verse
[النَّصُّ] «اعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ الْوَاجِبَ اتِّبَاعُهُ تَرْجِيحُهُ عَنْ أَهْلِهِ قَدْ عُلِمَا، أَوْ كَانَ ظَاهِرَ الرِّوَايَةِ وَلَمْ يُرَجِّحُوا خِلَافَ ذَاكَ فَاعْلَمْ»
- Verses 9-10, the poem's opening rule: what must be followed is the view whose preponderance by qualified scholars is known, or the zahir al-riwaya, so long as scholars have not preferred something contrary to it
[مَعْنًى] لَا يَجُوزُ لِلْمُجْتَهِدِ وَلَا لِمُقَلِّدِهِ الْحُكْمُ أَوِ الْإِفْتَاءُ بِغَيْرِ الرَّاجِحِ إِلَّا فِي بَعْضِ الْمَوَاضِعِ؛ لِأَنَّ ذَلِكَ اتِّبَاعٌ لِلْهَوَى، وَهُوَ حَرَامٌ إِجْمَاعًا
- Neither a mujtahid nor his muqallid may rule or give fatwa other than by the rajih view, except in specific excepted cases, because doing so is following one's whims, forbidden by consensus
[مِثَالٌ] قِصَّةُ الْبَاجِيِّ: أَفْتَوْهُ بِمَا يَضُرُّهُ فِي وَاقِعَةٍ، فَلَمَّا سَأَلَهُمْ عَنْهَا مَرَّةً أُخْرَى كَاتِمًا أَنَّهَا لَهُ، أَفْتَوْهُ بِالرِّوَايَةِ الْأُخْرَى الْمُوَافِقَةِ لِقَصْدِهِ
- A cautionary tale: al-Baji (d. 474H) was first given a fatwa against his own interest in a real case; when he asked the same muftis again without revealing the case was his, they gave him the opposite, more convenient ruling — the classic illustration of shopping for a ruling to suit one's desire
📖 مَوْضِعٌ (طَبَعَةُ الرَّشِيدِ، كَرَاتْشِي، بِحَاشِيَةِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ)، ص ٤٠-٤٣ — al-Rashid Trust print, Karachi, Abu Lubaba hashiya ed., pp. 40-43
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الِاسْتِثْنَاءُ: عَجْزُ الْمُجْتَهِدِ أَوْ مُقَلِّدِهِ عَنِ التَّرْجِيحِ · Exception: Inability to Weigh Between Conflicting Views
[مَعْنًى] مَحَلُّ الْمَنْعِ فِي الْمُجْتَهِدِ مَا لَمْ تَتَعَارَضِ الْأَدِلَّةُ عِنْدَهُ وَيَعْجِزْ عَنِ التَّرْجِيحِ؛ فَإِذَا عَجَزَ، جَازَ لَهُ وَلِمُقَلِّدِهِ الْحُكْمُ بِأَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ إِجْمَاعًا
- The prohibition on acting outside the rajih is conditional, not absolute: it applies to the mujtahid only so long as the proofs before him do not conflict beyond his ability to weigh them; once he genuinely cannot weigh them, both he and his muqallid may rule by either view, by consensus
📖 مَوْضِعٌ (طَبَعَةُ الرَّشِيدِ، كَرَاتْشِي، بِحَاشِيَةِ أَبِي لُبَابَةَ)، ص ٤١-٤٢ — al-Rashid Trust print, Karachi, Abu Lubaba hashiya ed., pp. 41-42
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